CTBTO 2026Evidence & methods

Source model

Source Level Model

JOMOPANS–ECHO

(ship class, length, speed, frequency) → source spectral level

Frequency range
weaker fit1301401501601701801901012.516202531.540506380100Frequency (Hz)dB re 1 µPa² m²/Hz
63 Hz162.3 dB
All fields
Inputs
ship class · length · speed · frequency
Native output
SL, dB re 1 µPa² m²/Hz
Frequency domain
10 Hz–31.5 kHz decidecade centres
Reference length
91.44 m for every class
Selected class speeds
13.1 / 12.4 kn
Selected spread
3.0
Low-frequency cargo branch
applies below 100 Hz
Special case
Dredger below 3 kn is evaluated at 14 kn
Source convention
equivalent monopole; fixed 6 m reference depth

Common scalingbaseline(f, class) + 60 log₁₀(V/Vc) + 20 log₁₀(L/91.44 m)

Displayed quantitysource spectral density at the selected centre frequency

ClassVc₁Vc₂Spread<100 Hz cargo branch
Fishing Vessel7.56.43—
Tug4.93.73—
Naval Vessel14.211.13—
Recreational Vessel1410.63—
Government/Research9.283—
Cruise Vessel20.217.14—
Passenger Vessel11.79.73—
Bulker14.113.93yes
Container Ship19.3183yes
Vehicle Carrier15.815.83yes
Tanker13.112.43yes
Dredger9.59.53—
Other7.47.43—